@proceedings {505,
	title = {Survey of ionospheric F2 region variability from the lower atmosphere: drivers and responses - Part 1},
	year = {2021},
	month = {03/2021},
	abstract = {<p>Carl Luetzelschwab, K9LA, will review the factors that cause the F2 region of the ionosphere to vary in the short-term, on day-to-day and even shorter time scales. These factors can directly affect amateur radio operators through their influence on electron density and therefore on HF propagation. Ionospheric variability drivers will be sorted into three broad categories: 1) solar radiation 2) geomagnetic activity and 3) meteorological sources (neutral atmosphere). Carl will also assess how much F2 ionospheric parameters vary in the short-term during both day and night, and he will also review the contribution of each of the factors to observed F2 region variability.</p>
},
	author = {R. Carl Luetzelschwab and Philip J. Erickson}
}
@proceedings {506,
	title = {Survey of ionospheric F2 region variability from the lower atmosphere: drivers and responses - Part 2},
	year = {2021},
	month = {03/2021},
	publisher = {HamSCI},
	address = {Scranton, PA (Virtual)},
	abstract = {<p>Phil Erickson, W1PJE, will follow with a condensed summary of recent community research on the types of physical processes that produce F2 layer ionospheric variations from waves, heating, and other sources in the lower neutral atmosphere (space weather {\textquotedblleft}from below{\textquotedblright}). Examples will include acoustic waves, gravity waves, planetary waves, TADs (traveling atmospheric disturbances), and their influence on TIDs (travelling ionospheric disturbances). Numerical estimates of the various forcing terms provide a useful gauge of the relative importance and impact of these processes. Phil will close by specifically focusing on estimates of the magnitude of electron density variations in the F2 region of the ionosphere due to earthquake effects. In particular, ionospheric density observations from sources such as the global satellite navigation system (GNSS) allow a quantitative, numerate discussion of earthquake drivers in both time and space dimensions as compared to other known lower atmosphere ionospheric variability drivers.\&nbsp; Phil will conclude with a discussion of the implications for earthquake associated HF propagation effects in the face of observed day-to-day ionospheric density variability.</p>
},
	author = {Philip J. Erickson and R. Carl Luetzelschwab}
}
