@proceedings {1045,
	title = {Personal Space Weather Station Observations of the Gannon Geomagnetic Storm},
	year = {2026},
	month = {03/2026},
	publisher = {HamSCI},
	address = {Newington, CT},
	abstract = {The geomagnetic storm known as the Gannon Storm took place from 10-13 May 2024. Classified as a G5 geomagnetic storm, the Gannon Storm was the most extreme event of its kind to occur in the past two decades. Space weather events of this magnitude have significant impacts on orbiting satellites, navigation systems, power grids, and communications. Particularly, geomagnetic storms are known to disrupt technologies that utilize the high frequency (HF) portion of the radio spectrum. The aim of this study is to understand the Gannon Storm{\textquoteright}s effects on HF propagation. Using the Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation{\textquoteright}s network of personal space weather stations (PSWSs), Doppler shift data gathered during the Gannon Storm is examined and compared against data collected on days with quieter geomagnetic conditions. PSWS receivers detected elevated Doppler shifts among traveling HF signals and more interruptions to the signals than is typical. Studying the Gannon Storm{\textquoteright}s effects on HF propagation can inform how technologies that rely on these frequencies may be better equipped against similar extreme space weather events in the future.~~~},
	author = {Rebecca Potter and Nathaniel Frissell and Gwyn Griffiths and Kuldeep Pandey}
}
@proceedings {1048,
	title = {Phase Coding in Digital SuperDARN Radars to Observe Oblique Scattering},
	year = {2026},
	month = {03/2026},
	publisher = {HamSCI},
	address = {Newington, CT},
	abstract = {Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is a network of HF radars in the mid to high-latitude regions that observe space weather effects on the ionosphere and magnetosphere. These radars typically transmit a single frequency multi-pulse sequence in the 8-22MHz range in a monostatic configuration. Between 2019 and 2020, two radars were reconfigured at certain times to carry out bistatic operations to demonstrate detecting oblique scatter. These operations were limited to intersecting fields-of-view of both radars, and forcing one radar to be receive-only, disrupting regular radar operation. The results of these operations showed a need for a more flexible approach that is not constrained by mode or field-of-view. Since then, some radars in the network have been converted to a Software Defined Radio (SDR) based system. An SDR-based system enables greater configurability in the transmit waveform the radar uses, including the possibility to encode unique radar IDs into the pulse. Operating modes incorporating phase coding are currently in use for their increased range resolution, so phase coding an ID in the transmit pulse would not affect the normal operation of the radar. This work proposes that SuperDARN radar waveforms with phase-coded IDs could be received by low-cost SDRs similar to the PSWS Grape receivers, to study propagation and oblique scattering in the ionosphere.},
	author = {Allison Pitzl and Kevin Sterne and Mike Ruohoniemi and Joseph Baker and Bharat Kunduri and Nathaniel Frissell}
}
